{"id":3825,"date":"2021-12-03T09:37:32","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T03:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iatmm.com\/?p=3825"},"modified":"2021-12-16T15:32:30","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T09:02:30","slug":"2-3-using-directories-and-listing-files-files-and-directories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/2-3-using-directories-and-listing-files-files-and-directories\/","title":{"rendered":"2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files: Files and Directories"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Files and Directories<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linux Filesystem \u101f\u102c Files \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Directories \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c Operating System \u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037&nbsp; Filesystem \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1030\u1010\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Files<\/span><\/em> \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1016\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 Human-readable Text \u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1030\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 Run \u1010\u1032\u1037 Binary Data (or) Executable Programs \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1005\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a Data \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Directories<\/span><\/em> \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 Filesystem \u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1005\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 Organization \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b Directories \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c Files \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c Directories \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iatmm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-03-at-09.12.35-1024x262.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3828\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1012\u102e\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Documents<\/span><\/em> \u101f\u102c Directory \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Mission-Statement.txt \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a (Reports) \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 Directory \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1010\u1001\u102f (<em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Subdirectory<\/span><\/em>) \u1010\u1001\u102f \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\"> Reports <\/span><\/em>Directory \u1019\u103e\u102c report2018.txt \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Documents Directory \u1000\u102d\u102f Reports Directory \u101b\u1032\u1037 <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Parent Directory<\/span><\/em> \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><code>Tip: tree Command \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d\u1019\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u101b\u1032\u1037 Linux Distribution Package Manager \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a Install \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b Install \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f Package Management Lesson \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">File and Directory Names<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linux File \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Directory Names \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1014\u1036\u1015\u102b\u1010\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a Spaces \u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a Special Characters \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Special Characters <\/span><\/em>\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101f\u102c Linux Shell \u1019\u103e\u102c Special Meaning \u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1037 Files \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Directories \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u102b Spaces (\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037) Special Characters \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1019\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Spaces <\/span><\/em>\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Escape Character (\\) <\/span><\/em>\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iatmm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-03-at-09.12.55-1024x67.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3829\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; report2018.txt \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 Filename \u101c\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101b\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u104b Filenames \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Period (.)<\/span><\/em> \u101b\u1032\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u102c\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037<em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\"> Suffix<\/span><\/em> \u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Windows \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u1010\u102c\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 Linux \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102e Suffix (<em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">File Extension<\/span><\/em>) \u101f\u102c \u1011\u1030\u1038\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102c \u101e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u1032\u1037 .txt \u101f\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1021\u101b \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1006\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a <em><span style=\"color:#b41d8d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Plaintext File<\/span><\/em> \u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Files and Directories &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linux Filesystem \u101f\u102c Files \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Directories \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c Operating System \u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037&nbsp; Filesystem \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1030\u1010\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b Files [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,18,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iat-courses","category-knowledge-sharing","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3825"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4021,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825\/revisions\/4021"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/4020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iat.edu.mm\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}